betaine

Betaine is a naturally derived ingredient from sugar beets used to increase hydration to reduce the visible signs of aging, protect the skin’s natural barrier, calm irritated skin irritation and enhance the texture of formulations.

Research has found that betaine can also improve tight junction integrity. Tight junctions are protein complexes that prevent leakage of solutes and water between the cells. Tight junctions have been suggested to contribute in the prevention of penetration of harmful substances, such as allergens, pollutants, etc. into the skin. Additionally, tight junctions aid in preventing water loss through the skin. Therefore, by improving tight junction integrity, betaine increases the hydration status of the skin and also protects the skin from harmful environmental substances. EWG Learn more.